Family: Alligatoridae, Alligators view all from this family
Description 6'-19'2" (1.8-5.84 m). Largest reptile in North America. Distinguished from American Crocodile by broad and rounded snout. Generally black with yellowish or cream crossbands that become less apparent with age. Large 4th tooth on bottom jaw fits into a socket in upper jaw, is not visible when mouth is closed. No curved bony ridge in front of eyes, as seen in Spectacled Caiman.
Warning Alligators are carnivores that feed on fish and other large water animals and also stalk prey onshore near water. All alligators should be considered dangerous, even those basking in the sun. They can attack with amazing suddenness and have very sharp, grasping teeth and powerfully strong jaws.
Voice During the breeding season adults produce a throaty, bellowing roar heard over considerable distance. Young give a high-pitched call: y-eonk, y-eonk, y-eonk.
Breeding Mates April to May after emerging from hibernation. In June, female builds a mound-shaped nest about 5-7' (1.5-2.1 m) in diameter and 1 1/2-3' (46-91 cm) high, of mud, leaves, and rotting organic material; deposits about 25-60 hard-shelled eggs, 3" (76 mm) long, in cavity scooped from remains near nest. The calling of hatching young prompts the female to scratch open the nest to free them. Hatchlings are 9-10" (22.8-25.4 cm) long and remain with the female for 1-3 years.
Habitat Fresh and brackish marshes, ponds, lakes, rivers, swamps, bayous, and big spring runs.
Range Coastal se. North Carolina to the Florida Keys and west along the coastal plain to s. Texas; north to extreme se. Oklahoma and s. Arkansas.
Discussion Alligators are important to the ecology of their habitat. During droughts they dig deep holes, or "dens," which provide water for the wildlife community. They hibernate in dens during the winter. Diet consists of rough fishes, small mammals, birds, turtles, snakes, frogs, and invertebrates. Alligators have been relentlessly hunted for their hides and are much reduced in numbers. Under state and federal protection they are beginning to make a comeback in some areas.
